Hendricks' "energy, interests and breath of research is unharnessed" - NASA

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Robert C. Hendricks, Senior Aerospace Scientist

"I'm driven by the applications of my research"

"My  research culminated in the successful operation of the liquid oxygen  (LOX) ammonia man-rated rocket engine ...  Hendricks developed critical  cryogenic heat transfer data for liquid hydrogen fuel used for rocket  engines ... It is now used in all LOX-hydrogen engines including the  space shuttle main engine and crew and cargo vehicle (J - 2X, S)  engines."


In June 1957, as National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Lewis  Research Center was shifting towards an expanded role in space research, Robert C. Hendricks was transitioning as an aerospace engineering  graduate and newly commissioned U.S. Air Force officer beginning active  duty in NACA's Rocket Branch.
 

"I was recruited to help solve  combustion problems on the X-15 rocket engine, part of a classified  program managed by Langley and supported by the Air Force and Navy,"  Hendricks explained. "My research culminated in the successful operation  of the liquid oxygen (LOX) ammonia man-rated rocket engine and my  commitment to the Air Force."
 

Eager to tackle the next challenge,  Hendricks developed critical cryogenic heat transfer data for liquid  hydrogen fuel used for rocket engines. This new enabling technology  aided Lewis' work on Centaur and directly impacted the Apollo program.  It is now used in all LOX-hydrogen engines including the space shuttle  main engine and crew and cargo vehicle (J - 2X, S) engines.
 

Hendricks cites NASA visionaries  Robert Graham, John Evvard, John Sloop, and Abe Silverstein, among the  dynamic leadership that enabled his early accomplishments.
 

"I was intense and eager to get  things done," Hendricks recalled. "Graham was my supervisor and such a  clear thinker. He helped me to be patient, while constantly working to  open doors."
 

Among the many awards for his  significant contributions, Hendricks received, in 1985, NASA's  Exceptional Scientific Research Medal, for "...immeasurable  contributions to NASA's hydrogen-oxygen chemical rocketry technology."
 

Currently, a senior technologist  and research engineer in the Research and Technology Directorate,  Hendricks performs basic and applied research in fluid dynamics and heat  transfer. In addition to writing over 300 papers, Hendricks continues  to make significant contributions in research related to turbo pump seals that have led to the creation of design codes and the agency's Seal Program. He also has performed important jet engine characteristic work related to heat transfer, and, more recently, to alternative fuels.
 

Hendricks dedication to research  benefiting aeronautics and space exploration is equaled in his passion to protect the Earth and its inhabitants. He is involved in several  conservation efforts and annually travels to different locations around  the world building and repairing structures, e.g., churches, schools and  homes, to help those less fortunate than himself.
 

Hendricks' energy, interests and  breath of research have not been harnessed by time. "I'm driven by the  applications of my research," Hendricks said.
 

S. Jenise Veris (SGT, Inc.)

Source: https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/bios/hendricks_50th_anniv.html


Papers: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search?q=Robert%20Hendricks&author=Hendricks,%20Robert%20C.
 

Robert C. Hendricks, Senior Research Scientist NASA and Fellow ASME

Awards

  • 2017Technology Transfer  (Producing Energy by Nuclear Reaction)
  • 2008 Presidential Rank Award
  • 2007 SAE AeroTech 
  • 2007 NASA 50-year Service Award
  • 2005 Cryogenic Engineering Recognition Award
  • 1991 Silver Snoopy
    Astronauts thanked Bob for all the work performed for NASA, Space Shuttle and Space 
  • 1991  Appointed to Senior Scientific and Professional Corps (ST) 
  • 1985 NASA's Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, for "...immeasurable  contributions to NASA's hydrogen-oxygen chemical rocketry technology." 1985Exploration  


Conference Papers:

  • Computational Parametric Study of Fuel Distribution in an Experimental Trapped Vortex Combustor Sector Rig  - Jan 2004 
  • Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of the Adaptive Finger Seal Assembly Using CFD-ACE+/FemStress  - Jan 2003 
  • Gas turbine primary-secondary flowpath interaction - Transient, coupled simulations and comparison with experiments  - Jul 2001
  • Supersonic flow measurement and computation of a lobed-mixer for trapped vortex combustors  - Sep 2001 
  • Simulation of power-stream and turbine disc cavity flow interaction under transient conditions  - Jul 1996 
  • Numerical Simulation of Secondary Flow in Gas Turbine Disc Cavities, Including Conjugate Heat Transfer  - Jun 1996
  • Progress in advanced modeling of turbine engine seal flows - June 1994
  • TWO-PHASE FLOWS AND HEAT TRANSFER WITHIN SYSTEMS WITH AMBIENT PRESSURE ABOVE THE THERMODYNAMIC CRITICAL PRESSURE -Jan 1986 
  • THE DRYOUT REGION IN FRICTIONALLY HEATED SLIDING CONTACTS -Jan 1982


Technical Papers:

  • Electrolytic co-deposition neutron production measured by bubble detectors -Jan 2021
  • Transmutations observed from pressure cycling palladium silver metals with deuterium gas - Nov 2020
  • Novel nuclear reactions observed in bremsstrahlung-irradiated deuterated metals -Apr 2020
  • Nuclear fusion reactions in deuterated metals - Apr 2020
  • Investigation of Deuterium-Loaded Materials Subject to X-Ray Exposure - Mar 2017 
  • Turbomachinery Clearance Control  - Dec 2014
  • Heating and Efficiency Comparison of a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Fuel, JP-8+100, and Blends in a Three-Cup Combustor Sector  - Nov 2012
  • Determination of Turbine Blade Life From Engine Field Data - Nov 2012
  • Alternate-Fueled Combustor-Sector Performance—Part A: Combustor Performance and Part B: Combustor Emissions  - Jan 2012
  • Valdiation of a Weibull-Johnson Virtual Bin Monte Carlo method for fatigue life determination of rotating shafts  - Jan 2012
  • Particulate Emissions Hazards Associated with Fueling Heat Engines  - Jan 2011
  • Aviation Fueling: A Cleaner, Greener Approach  - Jan 2011
  • Gas Turbine Engines: Seals  - Dec 2010
  • Computational Analysis of Dynamic SPK(S8)-JP-8 Fueled Combustor-Sector Performance  - Jan 2010
  • Test Population Selection from Weibull-Based, Monte Carlo Simulations of Fatigue Life  - Apr 2008
  • Correlation of Compressive and Shear Stress with Spalling of Plasma‐Sprayed Ceramic Materials  - Mar 2008
  • Some Thermal Stress Problems in Porcelain Enamel‐Coated Rods  - Mar 2008
  • Use of Fiber‐Like Materials to Augment Cycle Life of Thick, Thermoprotective‐Seal Coatings  - Mar 2008
  • Experimental Study of Ceramic‐Coated Tip Seals for Turbojet Engines  - Mar 2008
  • Bonded Ceramic Foams Reinforced with Fibers for High Temperature Use - Mar 2008
  • Ribbon‐Burner Simulation of T‐700 Turbine Shroud for Ceramic‐Lined Seals Research  - Mar 2008
  • Some Adhesion/Cohesion Characteristics of Plasma‐Sprayed ZrO2‐Y2O3 Under Tensile Loading  - Mar 2008
  • Effects of Arc Current on the Life in Burner‐Rig Thermal Cycling of Plasma‐Sprayed ZrO2‐Y2O3  - Mar 2008
  • A Step Towards CO2-Neutral Aviation  - Sep 2007
  • Probabilistic Analysis for Comparing Fatigue Data Based on Johnson-Weibull Parameters  - Jan 2007
  • Sealing in Turbomachinery - Mar 2006
  • Experimental determination of fatigue lives of rotating aluminum alloys using Weibull analysis  - Jan 2006
  • Interfaces - Weak links, yet great opportunities - Jan 2006
  • Compliant Turbomachine Sealing - Jan 2006
  • Turbomachine Interface Sealing - May 2005
  • Effect of Silicon Nitride Balls and Rollers on Rolling Bearing Life - May 2005
  • Torque Transmission Device at Zero Leakage  - Apr 2005
  • Water Injected Turbomachinery  - Apr 2005
  • Modeling of a Sequential Two-Stage Combustor, Supplement  - Apr 2005
  • Emissions Prediction and Measurement for Liquid Fueled TVC Combustor with and Without Water Injection - Apr 2005
  • Modeling of a Sequential Two-Stage Combustor  - Jan 2005
  • Water Misting and Injection of Commercial Aircraft Engines to Reduce Airport NOx - Apr 2004
  • Monte Carlo Simulation of Sudden Death Bearing Testing - Apr 2004
  • Experimental and Computational Study of Trapped Vortex Combustor Sector Rig With Tri-Pass Diffuser - Feb 2004
  • Turbomachine Sealing and Secondary Flows Part 3—Review of Power-Stream Support, Unsteady Flow Systems, Seal and Disk Cavity Flows, Engine Externals, and Life and Reliability Issues  - Jan 2004
  • Effect of Individual Component Life Distribution on Engine Life Prediction  - Sep 2003
  • Weibull-Based Design Methodology for Rotating Structures in Aircraft Engines - Sep 2003
  • Determination of Rolling-Element Fatigue Life From Computer Generated Bearing Tests  - Sep 2003
  • 2001 NASA Seal/Secondary Air System Workshop  - Sep 2002
  • Comparative Fatigue Lives of Rubber and PVC Wiper Cylindrical Coatings  - Sep 2002
  • Measurement and Computation of Supersonic Flow in a Lobed Diffuser-Mixer for Trapped Vortex Combustors  - Aug 2002
  • Predictive Failure of Cylindrical Coatings Using Weibull Analysis  - Aug 2002
  • Visualization of Flows in Packed Beds of Twisted Tapes  - Jan 2002
  • Structural Life and Reliability Metrics: Benchmarking and Verification of Probabilistic Life Prediction Codes  - Jan 2002
  • Design of Critical Components - Nov 2001
  • Overview of NASA Glenn Seal Development Program  - Nov 2001
  • Virtual Experiments on Drag Reduction  - Jan 2001
  • Computational Analysis of 3D Fluid Flow and Pressure Forces in a Spiral Groove Seal  - Jan 2001
  • Experimental flow patterns and pressure characteristics in a single hydrostatic pocket of variable depth  - Jan 2001
  • Experimental and Computational Study of Trapped Vortex Combustor Sector Rig with High-Speed Diffuser Flow  - Jan 2001
  • Computational Study of Micro-blowing for Shear Force Reduction  - Jan 2001
  • Continued evaluation of the Hybrid Floating Brush Seal (HFBS)  - Nov 2000
  • 1999 NASA Seal/Secondary Air System Workshop -Nov 2000
  • Advanced Seal Technology Role in Meeting Next Generation Turbine Engine Goals - Mar 1999
  • Two-Way Brush Seals Catch a Wave  - Nov 1998
  • A Brush Seals Program Modeling and Developments - Jan 1998
  • Bidirectional Brush Seals: Post-Test Analysis - Dec 1997
  • Development of a coupled, transient simulation methodology for interaction between primary and secondary flowpaths in gas turbine engines  - Jul 1997
  • Seal Leakages for Honeycomb or Smooth Configurations  - Jun 1997
  • Numerical Flow Visualization in Basic- and Hyper-Cluster Spheres  - Mar 1997
  • Experimental Visualization of Flows in Packed Beds of Spheres  - Feb 1997
  • Bidirectional Brush Seals  - Feb 1997
  • Multiply Connected Cavity Flows in Turbomachines  - May 1996
  • Numerical Simulation of Flow in a Whirling Annular Seal and Comparison With Experiments  - Apr 1996
  • Aerospace Seal Requirements - Apr 1996
  • Quantification of Gear Tooth Damage by Optimal Tracking of Vibration Signatures  - Apr 1996
  • Pressure and flow characteristics in a shallow hydrostatic pocket with rounded pocket/land joints  - Feb 1996
  • A Small Perturbation CFD Method for Calculation of Seal Rotordynamic Coefficients  - Jan 1996
  • Relative Performance Comparison Between Baseline Labyrinth and Dual-Brush Compressor Discharge Seats in a T-7OO Engine Test  - Oct 1995
  • Metallographic Analysis of Brush Bristle and Integrity Testing of Brush Seal in Shroud Ring of T-700 Engine  - Jun 1995
  • Numerical Analysis of Intra-Cavity and Power-Stream Flow Interaction in Multiple Gas-Turbine Disk-Cavities - Jun 1995
  • Comparison of numerical results and multicavity purge and rim seal data with extensions to dynamics  - Jun 1995
  • Interactive Development of Seals, Bearings, and Secondary Flow Systems with the Power Stream  - Jan 1995
  • Seals Flow Code Development Workshop 1993  - Aug 1994
  • Engine seal technology requirements to meet NASA's Advanced Subsonic Technology program goals  - Jul 1994
  • Development of a brush seals program leading to ceramic brush seals  - Jun 1994
  • Environmental and customer-driven seal requirements  - Jun 1994
  • Some metallographic results for brush bristles and brush segments of a shroud ring brush seal tested in a T-700 engine  - Jun 1994
  • Brush Seal Performance and Durability Issues Based on T-700 Engine Test Results  - Apr 1994
  • A 3D-CFD code for accurate prediction of fluid flows and fluid forces in seals  - Dec 1993
  • 1992 Seals Flow Code Development Workshop  - Oct 1993
  • Integrity testing of brush seal in a T-700 engine - Sep 1993
  • Compliant seal development -Sep 1993
  • Brush seal low surface speed hard-rub characteristics  - Jul 1993
  • Brush Seal Leakage Performance With Gaseous Working Fluids at Static and Low Rotor Speed Conditions  - Apr 1993
  • Driven cavity simulation of turbomachine blade flows with vortex control  - Feb 1993
  • Brush seal bristle flexure and hard-rub characteristics  - Sep 1992
  • Bonded ceramic foams reinforced with fibers for high temperature use  - Sep 1992
  • A finite-volume numerical method to calculate fluid forces and rotordynamic coefficients in seals  - Aug 1992
  • Integrity Testing of Brush Seal in Shroud Ring of T-700 Engine  - Jul 1992
  • Flow visualization and motion analysis for a series of four sequential brush seals  - Jul 1992
  • Development of Advanced Seals for Space Propulsion Turbomachinery  - May 1992
  • Flow visualization in a single simulated brush seal  - Feb 1992
  • Paper IX (i) Brush Seals in Vehicle Tribology  - Dec 1991
  • Non-intrusive laser-based, full-field quantitative flow measurements aided by digital image processing. Part 1: Eccentric cylinders  - Aug 1991
  • Some preliminary results of brush seal/rotor interference effects on leakage at zero and low rpm using a tapered-plug rotor  - Jul 1991
  • A Bulk Flow Model of a Brush Seal System  - Jul 1991
  • Effects of brush seal morphology on leakage and pressure drops  - Jul 1991
  • Flow Visualization and Quantitative Velocity and Pressure Measurements in Simulated Single and Double Brush Seals  - Feb 1991
  • Eccentricity effects on leakage of a brush seal at low speeds  - Feb 1991
  • Simulation of brush insert for leading-edge-passage convective heat transfer  - Feb 1991
  • Numerical modeling of flows in simulated brush seal configurations  - Aug 1990
  • Qualitative Investigation of Cryogenic Fluid Injection Into a Supersonic Flow Field - Feb 1990
  • A laser based computer aided non-intrusive technique for full field flow characterization in macroscopic curved channels  - Feb 1989
  • Seals For Cryogenic Turbomachines  - Oct 1988
  • Designing Ceramic Coatings  - May 1988
  • Numerical modeling of multidimensional flow in seals and bearings used in rotating machinery -Feb 1988
  • Interface Roughness Effect on Stresses in Ceramic Coatings  -Sep 1987
  • Thermomechanical behavior of plasma-sprayed ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings influenced by plasticity, creep, and oxidation  - Sep 1987
  • Some adhesion/cohesion characteristics of plasma-sprayed ZrO2-Y2O3 under tensile loading - Sep 1987
  • Closure to “Discussion of ‘A Fully Coupled Variable Properties Thermohydraulic Model for a Cryogenic Hydrostatic Journal Bearing’” (1987, ASME J. Tribol., 109, p. 415)  - Jul 1987
  • Evaluation of seals for high-performance cryogenic turbomachines  - Feb 1987
  • Comparison of generalized Reynolds and Navier Stokes equations for flow of a power law fluid  - Feb 1987
  • Finite difference solution for a generalized Reynolds equation with homogeneous two-phase flow  - Feb 1987
  • Analysis of experimental shaft seal data for high-performance turbomachines - As for Space Shuttle main engines  - Feb 1987
  • FRICTION FACTORS AND HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR HYDROGEN SYSTEMS OPERATING AT SUPERCRITICAL PRESSURES  - Dec 1986 Chapter
  •  FLOW IN A COMBINING MANIFOLD HEAT EXCHANGER  - Dec 1986 Chapter
  • Thermal Shaft Effects on Load-Carrying Capacity of a Fully Coupled, Variable-Properties Cryogenic Journal Bearing - Nov 1986
  • A Fully Coupled Variable Properties Thermohydraulic Model for a Cryogenic Hydrostatic Journal Bearing - Nov 1986
  • Volume-energy parameters for heat transfer to supercritical fluids  - Feb 1986
  • Thermomechanical design criteria for ceramic-coated surfaces - Feb 1986
  • Refrigerated Dynamic Seal TO 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) - Feb 1986
  • Two-phase flows and heat transfer within systems with ambient pressure above the thermodynamic critical pressure -Feb 1986
  • Fabrication of ceramic substrate‐reinforced and free forms by mandrel plasma spraying metal–ceramic composites -Dec 1985
  • Film and interstitial formation of metals in plasma‐sprayed ceramics -Dec 1985
  • Summary Abstract: Metallic and metalloceramic coating by thermal decomposition -Nov 1985
  • Ribbon-burner simulation of T-700 turbine shroud for ceramic-lined seals research -Sep 1985
  • Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stress in Plasma‐Sprayed Ceramic - Sep 1985
  • Experimental study of ceramic coated tip seals for turbojet engines -Feb 1985
  • Metallic and metalloceramic coating by thermal decomposition -Feb 1985
  • Nested subcritical flows within supercritical systems -Feb 1985
  • Experimental and Analytical Study of Ceramic-Coated Turbine-Tip Shroud Seals for Small Turbine Engines - Jan 1985
  • An Analysis of Temperature Effect in a Finite Journal Bearing with Spatial Tilt and Viscous Dissipation -Nov 1984
  • Heat Transfer in Thermal Barrier Coated Rods With Circumferential and Radial Temperature Gradients -Jul 1984
  • An experimental investigation and some analytical considerations concerning the vaporous/gaseous cavity characteristics of an eccentric shaft seal or bearing  - Feb 1994
  • High temperature thermomechanical analysis of ceramic coatings  - Feb 1984
  • Experimental study of bubble cavities attached to a rotating shaft in a reservoir -Feb 1984
  • The Effect of Annealing on the Creep of Plasma‐Sprayed Ceramics  - Nov 1983
  • A thermomechanical model for energy propagation in a solid-fluid-solid system with one boundary in relative motion -Aug 1983
  • Thermomechanical loading of multilayered cylindrical geometries in thermal cycling from 300 to 1300 K -Feb 1983
  • Finite element formulation for transient heat treat problems - Feb 1983
  • Analogy between fluid cavitation and fracture mechanics -Feb 1983
  • Residual Stress in Plasma‐Sprayed Ceramic Turbine Tip and Gas‐Path Seal Specimens -Feb 1983
  • Use of fiber-like materials to augment cycle life of thick, thermoprotective-seal coatings -Nov 1982
  • Some Inelastic Effects of Thermal Cycling on ZrO2‐Y2O3 Materials -Nov 1982
  • Effects of arc current on the life in burner-rig thermal cycling of plasma-sprayed ZrO2-O3 -Nov 1982
  • An Experimental Investigation of the Vaporous/Gaseous Cavity Characteristics of an Eccentric Journal Bearing -Nov 1982
  • Acoustic velocities of two-phase mixtures of cryogenic fluids -Feb 1982
  • The dryout region in frictionally heated sliding contacts -Feb 1982
  • Effects of arc current on the life in burner rig thermal cycling of plasma sprayed ZrOsub2-Ysub2Osub3 -Feb 1982
  • Some inelastic effects of thermal cycling on yttria-stabilized zirconia -Feb 1982
  • ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES OF TWO-PHASE MIXTURES OF CRYOGENIC FLUIDS -Jan 1982 Conference Paper
  • Prolonging thermal barrier coated specimen life by thermal cycle management -May 1981
  • Assessment of Variations in Thermal Cycle Life Data of Thermal Barrier Coated Rods -May 1981
  • Effect of thermal cycling on ZrO2Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings -May 1980
  • Critical mass flux through short Borda type inlets of various cross sections -Oct 1979
  • Alternate Fuels for use in Commercial Aircraft 
  • COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF FLUID FLOW AND PRESSURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN A SPIRAL GROOVE SEALS
  • Flows in Pinned Arrays Simulating Brush Seals  


Source: https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/R-C-Hendricks-4582519


Missions: Southern States, Haiti,  Eleuthera, Phillipines 

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